Knee Dislocation and its management
Like any other joint dislocation, its a surgical emergency.
https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1043/knee-dislocation
Causes
Motor Vehicle Collision
Sports related injuries
Falls
Initial Assessment
- NV status before and after reduction
- If any vascular injury ,exploration and angiography
- Normal pulse does not rule out vascular injury , measure ABPI (< 0.9 - ABNORMAL )
Classification
Based on direction of dislocation of tibia in relation to femur
Anterior - dislocation most common.
upto 20 % spontaneously relocate and dont fit into classification.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823589-clinical?form=fpf
Association
Ligaments injury
Arterial Injury - as high as 40 %
how to proceed ?
arrange for patient to go urgently to a theatre where plastic surgeons will be available.
prompt reconstruction with interposition vein grafting
knee stabilized with a spanning ex-fixator.
lower limb fasciotomy done
Nerve Injury - CPN Involvement - 20-30 %
treat expectantly , large proportion dont recover fully
Definite treatment of unstable knee ?
MRI - to characterize ligament structures
EUA
Repair / Reconstruct ligament structures
Treatment
If no Arterial injury , relocate knee dislocation under IV sedation at ER then treat other associated injuries ,
Early reconstruction of PLC and PCL
Delayed ACL reconstruction
Early Bracing, Rehab with late reconstruction
If associated with arterial injury , treat as mentioned above.
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