Genu Valgum
Find out age , family history positive if any(Heridatiary Multiple Exostosis/HME, Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Bony Dysplasia )
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319894
Physical Examination
Gait
Squatting
Standing - Quadriceps , Patella forward, forefoot , Obvious Genu Valgum Deformity
Side - Any scars
Knee in extension
Back - Popliteal swelling, comment on calf muscles
Heel varus
Ask patient to lie down
Feel - Temperature normal, no bony/ soft tissue tenderness
scar - non-tender , mobile
Patella- non-tender, Gliding, Clarke test, Apprehension
Movement - Knee - Flexion and Extension
does deformity disappear with knee flexion
Measure the deformity
Genu Valgum and Q-angle (knee in 20 degree flexion ? )
Special tests - LCL, MCL, Obers test
Neurovascular tests
Lymh node as a routine check up
quickly comment on frontal bossing, teeth, ligament and laxity.
Investigations
Standing leg Alignment X-ray
Tibiofemoral angle as per Saelenius curve
Treatment
Observe
Bracing -still practiced for mild deformity.
Guided Growth - Physeal Staples (advantage -reversible )
Osteotomy when else fail.
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